Every three minutes, someone in the UK is diagnosed with dementia. It is difficult news for the patient and their family, while fear and misconceptions about the condition – which affects around one million people – often delay seeking medical help.
However, experts emphasize that the earlier the diagnosis is made, the better the opportunities for treatment, planning, and a better quality of life.
Dementia is a general term for several diseases that damage the functioning of brain cells. It manifests with memory loss, but also with changes in behavior, personality, concentration, and the ability to perform daily activities. The disease progresses gradually, moving from mild to moderate and then severe stages.
A dementia diagnosis does not mean the end of an active life. Studies show that the right treatment, care and support can significantly improve quality of life, helping people maintain independence and continue the activities that are important to them. Over 90 percent of those affected report benefits from early diagnosis, such as planning for the future and access to practical help.
What happens after diagnosis?
Drugs
There is currently no cure for dementia, but there are treatments that help relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease, depending on its type.
Cholinesterase inhibitors (such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) are used primarily in Alzheimer's and some other forms of dementia. They help preserve a substance important for memory and are most effective in the early stages.
Memantine, which regulates another chemical signal in the brain, is usually used in moderate to severe stages, or when other treatments are not tolerated.
Monoclonal antibodies, a new generation of treatments that target the biological cause of Alzheimer's, can slow the progression of the disease but are currently limited due to cost and relatively modest benefits.
The effect of these drugs varies from person to person: some experience improvement or stabilization, while others experience little or no change.
Drug-free therapies
Experts emphasize that mental, physical, and social activity is just as important as medication. Helping people stay active, engaged, and with a sense of purpose can significantly improve well-being.
In mild and moderate stages, they help:
Cognitive stimulation therapy, with group activities such as games, music, and discussions, is also recommended by official health guidelines.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps manage anxiety and depression by changing negative thoughts.
Cognitive rehabilitation, where the patient learns practical strategies to perform daily activities more independently.
Speech and language therapy, which helps with communication and, in later stages, also with swallowing problems.
In severe stages, the focus shifts to emotional well-being:
Memory therapy, which uses music or photographs to stimulate conversations and positive emotions.
Art therapy, as a form of non-verbal communication that reduces anxiety and brings calm.
Music therapy, which improves mood and reduces problematic behaviors, even in advanced stages.
Legal and practical issues
After diagnosis, it is important to take practical measures:
Notifying the authorities about driving, as some people may continue to drive for a certain period.
Notification of the employer, to obtain legal protection and reasonable accommodation at work.
Establishing a durable power of attorney for financial and health decisions when the person is no longer able to make them themselves.
Drafting a will, as long as the person has decision-making capacity.
Applying for financial benefits, which can significantly help family and caregivers.
In conclusion, dementia is a major challenge, but with early diagnosis, tailored treatment and ongoing support, many people can live longer, more actively and with dignity. /GazetaExpress/
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