Scientists suggest that middle-aged adults may benefit from testing for a genetic variant linked to most cases of Alzheimer's Disease.
The new study shows that a variant of the APOE gene can significantly affect the risk of developing this disease and early cognitive decline.
According to researchers, the APOE e4 variant is one of the most important genetic factors associated with dementia, and its carriers may experience more rapid deterioration of memory and mental abilities, especially after the age of 70. For this reason, experts are discussing the possibility of genetic testing in middle age, so that people at higher risk can take preventive measures earlier.
The study, published in the scientific journal JAMA Neurology, followed 4,392 participants in Taiwan for more than six years. At the start of the study, the participants were around 68 years old and had no signs of dementia.
723 of them carried one copy of the APOE e4 variant
33 held two copies of this variant
the rest was not its carrier
The participants' cognitive function was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which assesses orientation, memory, attention, and language skills with a maximum score of 30. Scores below 23 indicate possible cognitive impairment.
At the start of the study, participants had an average score of 27, which is considered good mental function. Over time, the average score dropped by about 0.2 points per year. However, the decline was faster in people with the APOE e4 variant, especially in those who had two copies of the gene. By the end of the study, these people had lost about two points on the test.
Although the results often remained within normal limits, the researchers point out that this more rapid decline may signal a higher risk of cognitive problems in the future.
However, experts warn that carrying this genetic variant does not necessarily mean that a person will develop Alzheimer's or dementia. Lifestyle and environmental factors play a big role. Smoking, cardiovascular problems and social isolation can increase the risk.
Researchers point out that several interventions may help reduce the risk or slow down mental decline, including:
a Mediterranean Diet type diet
regular physical activity
brain and memory stimulation training
According to experts, up to 45% of dementia cases can be prevented or delayed through a healthy lifestyle and early detection of risk factors.
However, the researchers emphasize that more research is needed before mass testing for the APOE e4 variant can be widely recommended. For now, the best way to reduce risk remains an active lifestyle, healthy eating, avoiding smoking, and maintaining an active social and mental life. /GazetaExpress/
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